/ en /research-abstracts/efficacy-acupuncture-cocaine-dependence-systematic-review-meta-analysis <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--research-abstract.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Efficacy of acupuncture for cocaine dependence: a systematic review &amp; meta-analysis.</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--research-abstract.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--research-abstract.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Tue, 08/24/2021 - 11:42</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item">BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is a commonly used treatment option for the treatment of addictions such as alcohol, nicotine and drug dependence. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine addiction.METHODS: Two reviewers independently searched 10 databases. Unpublished studies were sought using Clinicaltrials.gov, the UK National Research Register and contacting content experts. Eligible studies enrolled patients with the diagnosis of cocaine dependence of any duration or severity randomly allocated to either acupuncture or sham or other control. We excluded studies of acupuncture methods and trials enrolling patients with polysubstance use or dependence. We abstracted data on study methodology and outcomes. We pooled the studies providing biochemical confirmation of cocaine abstinence. RESULTS: Nine studies enrolling 1747 participants met inclusion criteria; 7 provided details for biochemical confirmation of cocaine abstinence. On average, trials lost 50% of enrolled participants (range 0-63%). The pooled odds ratio estimating the effect of acupuncture on cocaine abstinence at the last reported time-point was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.45 to 1.27, P = 0.30, I2 = 30%, Heterogeneity P = 0.19).CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis does not support the use of acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine dependence. However, most trials were hampered by large loss to follow up and the strength of the inference is consequently weakened. PMID: 15771785 </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--text.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Author</div> <div class="field--item"><p>Mills EJ, Wu P, Gagnier J, Ebbert JO</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Citedate</div> <div class="field--item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2005-01-01T12:00:00Z">2005-01-01</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-research-abs-citation--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-research-abs-citation.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-research-abs-citation.html.twig * field--text.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-research-abs-citation field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Citation</div> <div class="field--item"><p>Harm Reduct J. 2005;2(1):4.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-research-abs-affiliations--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-research-abs-affiliations.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-research-abs-affiliations.html.twig * field--text.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-research-abs-affiliations field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Affiliations</div> <div class="field--item"><p>91ÇÑ×Ó</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-taxonomy--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-taxonomy.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-taxonomy.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-taxonomy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Taxonomy</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field--item"><a href="/research-abstracts/addiction" hreflang="en">Addiction</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:42:02 +0000 Anonymous 1365 at /research-abstracts/effectiveness-smoking-cessation-therapies-systematic-review-meta-analysis <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--research-abstract.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Effectiveness of smoking cessation therapies: a systematic review &amp; meta-analysis.</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--research-abstract.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Anonymous (not verified)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--research-abstract.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Tue, 08/24/2021 - 11:42</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/bootstrap/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item">BACKGROUND: Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of premature deaths. Several pharmacological interventions now exist to aid smokers in cessation. These include Nicotine Replacement Therapy [NRT], bupropion, and varenicline. We aimed to assess their relative efficacy in smoking cessation by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched 10 electronic medical databases (inception to Sept. 2006) and bibliographies of published reviews. We selected randomized controlled trials [RCTs] evaluating interventions for smoking cessation at 1 year, through chemical confirmation. Our primary endpoint was smoking cessation at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included short-term smoking cessation (approximately 3 months) and adverse events. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. We compared treatment effects across interventions using head-to-head trials and when these did not exist, we calculated indirect comparisons. RESULTS: We identified 70 trials of NRT versus control at 1 year, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.55-1.88, P =</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--text.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Author</div> <div class="field--item"><p>Wu P, Wilson K, Dimoulas P, Mills EJ</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Citedate</div> <div class="field--item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2006-01-01T12:00:00Z">2006-01-01</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/system/templates/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-research-abs-citation--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-research-abs-citation.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-research-abs-citation.html.twig * field--text.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-research-abs-citation field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Citation</div> <div class="field--item"><p>BMC Public Health 2006;6:300.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-research-abs-affiliations--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-research-abs-affiliations.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-research-abs-affiliations.html.twig * field--text.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-research-abs-affiliations field--type-text field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Affiliations</div> <div class="field--item"><p>McMaster University</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-taxonomy--research-abstract.html.twig * field--node--field-taxonomy.html.twig * field--node--research-abstract.html.twig * field--field-taxonomy.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-taxonomy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field--label">Taxonomy</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field--item"><a href="/research-abstracts/addiction" hreflang="en">Addiction</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pivot/templates/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 24 Aug 2021 15:42:00 +0000 Anonymous 1349 at